Depth of Field (shallow and wide) - whats in focus; 

Light (angle and intensity) - *very important* where is it coming from? what angle? how bright? 

Shadows - absence of light. where theres light there is going to be shadows 

Diffusion -  changing the intensity of light

Exposure - how the picture looks in our eyes 

Aperture (f-stop) - opening In the lens. How big/small the opening is. (I will be controlling from now on)

Shutter speed - in the camera, tells us how fast the mirror opens and closes, exposing the sensor to light (will control) 

ISO - the sensor inside of the camera and how sensitive the sensor is to light ( will control )

telephoto - allows to zoom in closer to subject

prime - does not zoom at all (fixed)

 wide angle - wider viewing angle